The ecological gain of using bioactivated carbon and ozone sewage treatments assessed using freshwater microcosms

Advanced wastewater treatment technologies such as bioactivated carbon (BAC) filtration and ozonation are increasingly implemented to remove micropollutants from effluents. Yet their ecological impacts remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we evaluated the chemical and ecological effects of six wastewater treatment scenarios in outdoor freshwater microcosms over 42 days within the BO₃ treatment framework involving BAC filtration and ozonation, including BAC alone, two ozone