AoI-Aware Joint User Scheduling and Robust Beamforming Scheme in LEO Satellite Networks

This paper proposes a joint user scheduling and robust beamforming (BF) scheme to escalate demands for information freshness in low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. Specifically, considering that the satellite is equipped with a uniform planar array and only imperfect channel state information is available, we first formulate a long-term average age of information (AAoI) minimization problem, subject to the transmit power budget of satellite, the maximum number of scheduled users, and the o