Phyto mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with Zingiber officinale: comprehensive bioactivity assessment against bacterial pathogens, cancer, and viruses

This work investigated the capacity of Zingiber officinale extract to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. Z. officinale extract is rich in diverse phytochemical constituents, as confirmed by GC–MS analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using TEM, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses. CuO NPs exhibited antibacterial efficacy against various bacterial strains. The DPPH methodology was employed to evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 244.5 µg/mL. The