Stochastic-based framework for comparing risk estimates of multi-span masonry arch bridges subject to seismic and flood hazards

• Proposal of a performance indicator based on the ratio of vulnerabilities associated with two different assets. • Inclusion of stochastic surrogate models for the derivation of non-log-normal fragility surfaces. • Seismic assessment of the out-of-plane behavior of slender multi-span MABs considering flood-related hazard uncertainties Railway networks are highly centralized and operate as series systems, where failure of a single component, e.g. , bridges, can disrupt the entire line. Masonry a