The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Mind Mapping on Second Language Learners’ Listening Comprehension: Perspectives From Macau

AI-enhanced mind mapping has emerged as a vital tool for foreign language educators and learners, which facilitates deep learning and creative thinking through hierarchical and categorical organization of ideas. Despite its motivational potential, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness, particularly in listening comprehension. To address this, our study aims to investigate the impact of AI-enhanced mind mapping on college students’ English listening comprehension and t