Comparative fermentation performance of biofilm and planktonic Saccharomyces cerevisiae under standard and high-carbon media

Biofilms are structured microbial communities with wide-ranging industrial applications. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, biofilm formation can influence fermentation, improve microbial stability, and enhance production efficiency. This study evaluates the fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae in both planktonic and biofilm states under standard and high-carbon media. During a 96-hour fermentation, planktonic cultures consumed glucose within 24 h, whereas biofilm-associated cells required 48 h d