Dynamics of water quality at different stocking densities and its effect on the growth of Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under intensive culture at PT Shihe Udang Industry Indonesia

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, with high market demand for both domestic consumption and export. However, cultivation continues to fail, primarily due to water quality problems. Water-quality parameters play a crucial role in the ecosystem of intensive shrimp ponds. This study aimed to determine the effect of stocking density on water quality and production outcomes. The research was conducted over one shrimp culture cycle at PT Shihe Udan