Implementation of the principle ultimum remedium in police action: A juridical analysis of the realization a just and humane lex certa

The principle of ultimum remedium is a fundamental principle in criminal law that places criminal sanctions as a last resort in law enforcement. This study analyzes the implementation of the principle of ultimum remedium in police action from a fair and humanist lex certa perspective. The research uses normative legal methods with a statutory approach, a case approach, and a theoretical approach. The problems studied include (1) the theoretical conception of the principle of ultimum remedium in