Repeatedly occurring retrograde menstruation intensifies central sensitization driven by neuroinflammation in endometriosis models

This study investigated how chronic pelvic pain (CPP) develops using rhesus macaques with naturally occurring endometriosis and a multiple-lesion induction mouse model (MIM), as repeated retrograde menstruation is considered an underlying mechanism of endometriosis pathogenesis. MIM increased lesion numbers and elevated hypersensitivity. Elevated persistent glial cell activation was observed across multiple brain regions and/or spinal cords in MIM and rhesus macaques. Elevated TRPV1, SP, and CGR