An integrated microfluidic system for automatic and self-validated analysis of cervical extracellular vesicle markers PD-L1 and ERBB3

The early and precise diagnosis of gynecological malignancies, such as cervical cancer, is critical for improving patient treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, which carry molecular signals from their parental cells, offer a promising method for non-invasive liquid biopsy, however, conventional detection methods are often complex, high in reagent consumption, and susceptible to environmental fluctuations. To address this, we present an integrated, self-validated microfluidi