The role of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic lipid (IHL) accumulation has not been studied before in humans. Is the PPP, proxied by 24-h urinary erythritol, associated with IHL content at the population level? In the fully adjusted model, 24-h urinary erythritol levels were associated with higher IHL content. Furthermore, genetically predicted erythritol levels were not associated with liver fat, suggesting that erythritol per se is not responsible for the