Computer-aided structural modeling and drug discovery for G-protein-coupled receptors in the age of artificial intelligence

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane proteins that mediate cellular responses to diverse stimuli and serve as targets for ∼35 % of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Their structural complexity, conformational heterogeneity, and membrane embedding have historically hindered experimental characterization, although advances in crystallization and cryogenic electron microscopy have expanded access to high-resolution receptor structures. In parallel, artificia