Viral hepatitis remains a significant challenge for global public health and a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with most cases caused by five hepatotropic viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The World Health Organization has established a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. In recent years, advancements in our understanding of its pathogenesis have significantly propelled the development of antiviral drugs, particularly for hep