Arbuscular mycorrhizal network-mediated allelochemical transfer: a critical hypothesis of juglone-walnut case and its ecological implications
Xin Liu·Qiang-Sheng Wu·A. Hashem·Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah·Zeng-Zheng Zhang·Xinyi Xu·Yong-Jie Xu·Kamil Kuča·Fábio Sérgio Barbosa da Silva·Ying-Ning Zou
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), a key allelochemical exuded by walnut trees (Juglans spp.), is widely recognized for its strong phytotoxic effects, which contribute significantly to the well-known “walnut toxicity” phenomenon in both walnut monocropping and intercropping systems. This review synthesizes current evidence and proposes that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a pivotal yet complex role in modulating multiple stages of juglone’s lifecycle. These fungi form extensive unde