Soil formation and weathering over the past 60 kyr reconstructed using lithium isotopes from Maar records

Chemical weathering of silicate rocks is a fundamental control on the carbon cycle, although on timescales shorter than a few tens of kyr, transient carbon storage becomes more important. However, weathering can still act as an amplifier or inhibitor of the carbon cycle on these timescales. Further, weathering produces soils, a storage reservoir of carbon, although the rate at which soils can be produced is likely highly variable, and remains uncertain. Here, we use lithium isotopes in laminated