Evidence that non-cognate proteinogenic amino acids generate immunogenic neoepitopes

Most organisms rely on 20 DNA-encoded canonical amino acids (AAs) for protein synthesis. However, hundreds of non-canonical amino acids (NCAAs) occur in nature, many of which are plant secondary metabolites. Some NCAAs have been identified as proteinogenic and can mimic canonical AAs in mammalian protein synthesis. The tRNA synthetases responsible for AA recognition have evolved to discriminate against other canonical AAs, but they can activate NCAAs that share close structure similarity with a