The influence of soil moisture on weed species composition and diversity in flood recession farming in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Soil moisture influences the composition and diversity of weed species, as well as the competitive dynamics between crops and weeds. The purpose of this study was to determine how soil moisture shape weed community structure in flood recession farming systems. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 17 fields using 1 m² quadrats along gradient-oriented transects, and soil samples were collected at the upper and lower slopes of each field across the 2 cropping seasons at depth of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm