In-flight ice accretion poses a significant risk to aircraft safety and performance. Despite advancements in ice protection systems, aircraft must demonstrate the ability to operate safely under icing conditions, highlighting the importance of reliable ice accretion simulations. Traditional multistep simulations divide the accretion process into discrete stages, improving the accuracy of ice predictions. However, this approach increases computational costs and reduces automation, as evolving ice
Immersed Boundary Methodology for Three-Dimensional Multistep Ice Accretion Simulations
Pablo Elices Paz·Philippe Villedieu·Emmanuel Radenac·Éric Laurendeau·Ghislain Blanchard·Stéphanie Péron

