Assessing Industry 4.0 technologies' impact on automotive supply chain costs using IVPF–WASPAS

Purpose This research aims to examine the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on supply chain costs (manufacturing, administration, warehouse, distribution, capital and installation), specifically within the automotive industry, which is highly competitive and cost-sensitive. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this goal, the interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (IVPF-WASPAS) method – an approach that integrates Pythagorean fuzzy sets with the WASPA