Abstract This study characterizes for the first time the two largest submarine fans surrounding Taiwan, the Penghu Fan and the Gaoping Fan, based on detailed mapping of depositional elements through newly integrated MCS data. These sedimentary bodies, previously unrecognized due to the deformation related to arc–continent convergence, record the major sediment-dispersal systems of western and southern Taiwan. The Penghu Fan is an elongated, fine-grained system with multistage leveed channels, fe