Establishment and optimization of particle bombardment-mediated transformation system in triploid bermudagrass

Triploid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis L.) is one of the most widely used warm-season turfgrass species. However, the low induction rate of embryogenic calli and transformation efficiency are significant barriers to the genetic transformation process in triploid bermudagrass. In the present study, the regeneration system was optimized, and particle bombardment-mediated transformation system was successfully established in triploid bermudagrass. The results demonstrated that