Validated Swin Transformer-Based Deep Learning Pipeline with Cross-Validation and McNemar’s Test for Multi-Class Hemorrhage Classification in Traumatic Brain Injury CT Scans
Arun Kumar Singh·Pradeep Kumar N S·Raunak Raj·Saiprasad Potharaju·MVV PRASAD KANTIPUDI·Manik Rakhra·Swathi Gowroju
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major global health concern, where rapid and accurate identification of intracranial hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) scans is essential for improving patient outcomes. Manual radiological assessment, although clinically effective, is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variability, creating a need for reliable automated diagnostic systems. Most existing artificial intelligence (AI) studies focus on binary hemorrhage detection or limited subt