Reducing congestion in port hinterlands: an agent-based modeling case study of truck parking facility impacts

Abstract The increasing volume of container handling at seaports leads to a rise in heavy vehicle traffic, often resulting in congestion that poses a significant challenge to port competitiveness by disrupting operational fluidity, increasing logistics costs and delays. This study presents the development of an agent-based simulation model designed to evaluate the impact of incorporating a truck parking facility on the hinterland operations. The model is adaptable to diverse maritime supply chai