The Authority of Knowledge and Teacher-Student Relations: An Epistemological Analysis of Islamic Education Based on Kitab Kuning

Amid contemporary information disruption that tends to de-authorize teachers and fragment epistemic authority, pesantren (Islamic boarding school) traditions persist as a distinctive model of knowledge transmission grounded in the classical pedagogy of Kitab Kuning (Yellow Book). This study philosophically dissects the epistemological construction of scholarly authority and the dynamics of teacher–student relations within this tradition. Using a qualitative–descriptive approach framed by the Isl