Bidirectional GNN-Based Intrusion Detection of Malware Injection Attacks in EV Charging Stations

The growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has rendered public EV charging stations (EVCSs) vital for alleviating range anxiety and supporting long-distance travel. However, recent studies reveal security vulnerabilities in EVs and EVCSs against attacks. This paper addresses these security concerns by introducing injection attacks on the front-end Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) communication using the ISO 15118 protocol. Malicious EV owners or compromised EVCS supply equipment can inject harmful p