Bandwidth-Enhanced, Flexible, Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna for Internet-of-Vehicles Application

This paper presents a flexible, bandwidth-enhanced horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna addressing key limitations in 5G-enabled Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications. By integrating a miniaturized meandered Alford loop with discrete coupling patches, the design achieves 28.1% fractional bandwidth, ultra-low profile, and compact size while maintaining flexible capability. The gradient capacitive coupling scheme enables wideband HP omnidirectional operation, with high overall efficien