ENSO Teleconnections Modulated by the State of the Equatorial Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Abstract Equatorial sea surface temperature anomalies have profound impacts on tropical and extra-tropical sub-seasonal and seasonal weather variability. While extensive research explored the impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its diversity on the global teleconnections, the weakness of ENSO-attributed signals over Europe, Africa and the Middle East has remained a challenge. In this study, ENSO teleconnection modulation is defined by considering the concurrent state of the equato