This paper proposes a novel design methodology for active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS) with switchable electromagnetic passband/stopband characteristics. The approach begins with filter circuit topology, providing a generalizable approach for designing single/dual-band AFSS with low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding efficiency (SE). First, we construct a filter circuit model by integrating hybrid resonant elements and impedance control components, establishing parametric mapping relationships between circuit elements and FSS topological configurations. By leveraging these mappings, we develop a compact dual-layer AFSS structure, enabling independent tuning of passband and stopband performance enabled by its dual-layer design. The results demonstrate that the AFSS can achieve low IL and high SE at the same time. The −3 dB passband ranges from 0.7 GHz to 2.3 GHz (106.67% fractional bandwidth), while the unit cell size at center frequency is reduced to 0.074λ0 × 0.074λ0. Furthermore, the incorporation of parallel hybrid resonators introduces additional transmission poles/zeros, thereby facilitating dual-band switching. The structure maintains stable transmission/shielding characteristics under oblique incidence (0° to 45°) and diverse polarization conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed methodology.