A Global and Efficient Encoding Strategy for Beamforming Based on Branch-and-Bound Algorithm

Programmable metasurfaces have emerged as a revolutionary technology with the flexibility in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. They have attracted great interest in fields including wireless signal processing, radar, and satellite systems in recent years. Metasurface-based beamforming problem is widely solved by array synthesis techniques. However, traditional analytic and stochastic approaches suffer from limited applicability, low efficiency, and high computational cost. In particular,