A Specific Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm for the Electromagnetic Analysis of Large-Scale Finite Periodic Structures

Computing electromagnetic properties of large-scale finite periodic structures (LFPSs) via the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) often suffers from heavy time and memory consumption. The main reason is that complex structures and high-permittivity materials in LFPSs need dense meshes, leading to a prohibitively dense near-field interaction (NFI) matrix. To overcome this drawback, during the MLFMA initialization, each leaf box is enforced to exactly encapsulate an identical periodic str