Towards sustainable urban densification: governmental timidity vs. 4D-Geodesigning urban transformation in Baden, Switzerland

Urban densification remains a contentious issue, often hindered by preservationist attitudes and risk-averse governance. This study contrasts two planning approaches in Baden, Switzerland: the Oberstadt + project, which applied a data-driven, evidence-based framework to foster a 10-Minute-Neighbourhood, and the In-Depth Study Oberstadt, which prioritized minimal intervention and preservation. The comparative analysis is based on a mixed-methods approach combining spatial data modeling, scenario