How deceptive online networks reached millions in the US 2020 elections
Joshua A. Tucker
Nature Human Behaviour, Published online: 06 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02435-2 Appel et al. found that deceptive networks reached over 37 million Facebook and 3 million Instagram users during the 2020 US elections, with the majority of this exposure driven by 3 networks and amplified by ordinary users resharing the content.