Classification of rocky desertification degrees and analysis of driving factors in typical karst regions

Rocky desertification is a major ecological problem in karst regions, driven by the combined effects of natural conditions and human activities. To investigate its spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms, this study constructed a two-dimensional Rocky Desertification Index (RDI) based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Bare Land Index (BLI) for Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, China, during 1987–2022. The results showed that the overall classification accuracy rea