Vegetation coverage serves as a crucial indicator of the stability and anti-interference capacity of a regional ecosystem. Consequently, carrying out research on the alterations in vegetation coverage within ecologically fragile regions holds significant importance for the study of regional ecological balance. In this study, we selected northern Shaanxi, a typical ecologically fragile region in China, as the case area. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, MOD13Q1 NDVI data spanning from 20