Adaptive instructional leadership in geographically isolated schools: practices, challenges, and strategies of elementary school principals in Tawi-Tawi
Darwisa Sali Ondo
IntroductionInstructional leadership is central to school improvement, yet it remains underexplored in geographically isolated schools where principals face chronic resource scarcity, weak infrastructure, and cultural isolation. This study examines how elementary school principals in Tawi-Tawi, one of the Philippines' most remote provinces, exercise adaptive instructional leadership to sustain teaching and learning under extreme constraints.MethodsGuided by Adaptive Leadership Theory (ALT), this