Zhou, Zehao & Xie, Danxia: Computability Boundary, AI and the Economics of Human-Machine Symbiosis

This paper takes the Turing computability boundary as a meta-axiom and constructs a unified dynamic general equilibrium framework of human-machine symbiosis. We first provide a rigorous mathematical definition of the Universal Turing Machine (UTM) using the standard seven-tuple structure, establish its equivalence to recursive functions and finite formal axiomatic systems, and prove that all contemporary AI systemsincluding LLMs, VLMs, VLAs, and deep RL systemsare logically equivalent to UTMs an