Spirituality in traditional water knowledge systems as a driver and barrier to aquatic ecosystem conservation in Zimbabwe

Traditional water knowledge (TWK) compounds indigenous people’s profound and inherent understanding, comprehension, and interpretation of natural processes with their ecological dependence on hydrological cycles and spiritual and religious cultural connections. TWK simultaneously coexists and conflicts with Western methods of water management in African landscapes. The objectives of this systematic literature review were to 1) synthesise the role of spirituality in TWK elements comprising spatia