Shchevyev, Nikita: Ground Without Direction On the Ungrounded Primitive in Fine's Logic of Ground

Fine’s logic of ground treats asymmetry — the claim that ground runs in one direction — as a constitutive formal feature of an unanalyzable primitive. This paper argues that asymmetry is not brute: it is a structural ordering relation whose source Fine’s framework cannot identify. The argument proceeds through the Midchain Theorem (Shchevyev,2026a), which establishes that no domain theory can non-circularly ground its own primitive set using only domain-internal resources. Fine’s logic of ground