Neuro-symbolic NLP: taxonomy, assessment, and directions
Shalom Lappin
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) approaches promise to overcome the limitations of purely neural and purely symbolic NLP. In this paper we survey recent development in NeSy NLP and propose a system classification framework that combines Kautz's integration types with Lappin's injective-federative distinction. We then apply this taxonomy and show that even though federative architectures consistently outperform injective approaches, they remain underexplored. We assess performance across compositional gener