Limits of continuous environmental education in developing environmental competencies among students in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study examines the relationship between continuous environmental education and pro-environmental behavior among graduate students in Kazakhstan. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining content analysis (n = 53) of higher education curricula with a quantitative survey of graduate students enrolled in teacher education programs (n = 147). The survey assessed environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior using a structured questionnaire. Based on these measures, an environmental index