Nitish Kumar Mishra, C.M.P. Degree College Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh ABSTRACT The enactment of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), replacing the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), marks a transformative shift in India's criminal justice architecture. Among the provisions undergoing legislative revision, the right of private defence occupies a uniquely contested space, straddling the tension between the individual's instinct for self- preservation and the state's monopoly over legitimate force....