Zhou, Zehao & Xie, Danxia: Formalization Boundaries, the Economic Value Anchor and the Ultimate Source of Long-Run Economic Growth

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence have reignited two fundamental questions: what constitutes the irreplaceable core of human economic capacity, and what anchors economic value when automated systems can perform most routine cognitive and physical tasks. Canonical task-based models, relying on ad-hoc ex-post classifications of routine versus non-routine work, cannot explain the observed 15% rise in wage premiums for arts, humanities, and social science graduates in high-AI-adoption countr