From pictorial space to tactile form: a comparative evaluation of AI-based 2.5D reconstruction from modern artwork paintings
Francesco Buonamici
IntroductionThe translation of paintings into tactile 2.5D models (i.e., bas-reliefs) represents a significant advancement in improving accessibility for blind and visually impaired individuals. However, reconstructing spatial structure from a single painted image without explicit perspective is inherently ill-posed, particularly in modern and contemporary artworks where perspective, illumination, and geometry deviate from physical realism.MethodsThis study presents a comparative evaluation of t