AI readiness in schools: institutional policies and technological capacity in Spanish secondary education and vocational training
Álvaro Moraleda Ruano
IntroductionThe rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence in education is transforming schools faster than our ability to understand whether they are truly prepared for it. Despite growing policy attention, explicit institutional policies for AI remain scarce globally, with schools often relying on individual teachers' discretion, resulting in inconsistent practices. This study examines the institutional readiness of Spanish secondary and vocational education centers for AI adoption through the deve