Superradiance and quasinormal modes of massive scalar fields around Kerr black holes in Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton-axion theory with perfect fluid dark matter

Abstract We investigate the dynamics of massive scalar fields around Kerr black holes in the Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton-Axion (EMDA) theory, incorporating the effects of perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM), characterized by the dilaton parameter $r_2$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> mml:msub mml:mir</mml:mi> mml:mn2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and the PFDM parameter $\lambda$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> mml:miλ</mml:mi> </mm