The present study on unearthed archaeological sites around Kusumi River, which is considered to be one of the major tributaries of river Mahanadi, filled with archaeological settlement remains and monuments. The Kusumi River has been played a significant role in the history of Nayagarh District, Odisha. The bank of Kusumi River was overflowed due to flood in that river which created fertility of the soil. The fertility of the soil helped in ample production of crops which sustained in the life o