Coffee Trade Dynamics: The Impact of Tariff and Non-Tariff Policies in Japan and the United States

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the impact of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the government and export sectors, with a focus on coffee. Coffee was selected based on Indonesia's high coffee production, reaching 11.85 million bags in the 2022/2023 period, and its crucial role in international trade. Method: The research method used panel data and tabular data over the past five years from previous research. The countries studied were Japan and the United States, which are Indonesia's larges