Evaluating the impact of the belt and road initiative on supply chain efficiency: an analysis between China and Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia

Abstract This paper discusses how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) affect logistics infrastructure and supply chain performance in China and some of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and specifically how the quality of governance moderate these effects. The analysis utilizes a balanced panel dataset between 1996 and 2023 that employs a fixed effect panel regression model, which compares pre- and post-BRI to understand the structural changes that have occurred after the introduction