Integration of a collaborative robotic platform in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: safety, feasibility, and operative time variability

Abstract Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a high-volume procedure with relatively short operative times, leaving limited margin for further reduction in mean duration. However, variability in operative performance, compounded by anatomical variation and differing degrees of inflammation, may substantially affect operative duration and operating room efficiency. The Maestro™ Platform is a bedside, AI-powered, co-manipulated surgical assistance system designed to improve visualization, stability, a