Gender and East–West disparities in German neurosurgical training leadership

Abstract Leadership in neurosurgical training is pivotal for educational quality and workforce development, yet gender and regional disparities remain poorly characterized in Germany. A nationwide cross-sectional study analyzed publicly available data from all 17 state medical chambers. Neurosurgical training program directors (TPDs) were identified, and data were collected on gender, shared training authorizations, and maximum approved training duration. Comparisons between the Old (former West